The Iron Age (ca 1000-500 BCE) witnessed the initial development of proto-urban and early urban society across Central Tyrrhenian Italy. This period of major transformations sees considerable novelty in terms of sociopolitical structures across the region. While Villanovan and then Etruscan cultures have long fascinated scholars, little is known about the climatic and environmental contexts of this developing civilization.  However, archaeology shows Central Italian communities to be highly aware of landscape and environmental resources, not only as a preindustrial agricultural society, but in key advances to water and food storage technologies, agricultural irrigation, mining, and other sectors.  Thus, understanding the reciprocal relationship between Early Iron Age Italian communities and climate and environment is critical. This workshop aims to shed light on human-environmental relationships in Italy during the Early Iron Age by bringing together paleoclimatologists, paleobotanists, archaeologists, and historians working on the period.